第22回福岡アジア文化賞
大 賞
アン・チュリアン
ANG Choulean
民族学者、クメール研究者（カンボジア王立芸術大学考古学教授）
【カンボジア／民族学】
贈賞理由
アン・チュリアン氏はカンボジア人を代表する世界に知られた民族学者である。フランス留学後、内戦中のカンボジアに戻り、旧王立芸術大学の再開責任者となり、文化復興と遺跡の保存修復に尽力した。1992年ユネスコの世界遺産に登録されたアンコール遺跡群を担当する「アンコール地域遺跡保存機構（略称アプサラ機構）」の遺跡文化局長に就任し、破壊されたカンボジア文化の復興に尽くした。
1949年コンポン・クレアン生まれで、1974年王立芸術大学卒業後、フランス社会科学高等研究院に留学、民族学博士の学位を取得した。その研究手法は現地の風・太陽・雨で培われた民族感性に基づき、儀礼や生活文化等を手がかりに文化原像を浮かび上がらせ、再度組み立てなおすものである。カンボジア民族学の存在を文化人類学の文脈で読み込み、その起源・系統・固有性等を浮彫りにした功績は高く評価される。
アン氏の学位論文で代表的な著作『クメール民族の民間信仰における超自然の存在』（1986）は、カンボジア民族学に新境地を拓いた雄編として絶賛された。氏によれば、一般の民間信仰の儀礼は、アニミズム（精霊信仰）、かつてのヒンドゥー教及び大乗仏教、現代の上座仏教等のそれぞれが重層・渾融し、縦横にからむものである。例えば「籾米の山造り」の儀礼の中に小宇宙、時間と空間、豊饒が盛り込まれ混成されている。外から見ると仏教行事のように見られがちであるが、実はアニミズムと仏教が融合した儀礼であったりする。
上記のようなアン氏が切り拓いた地道で時間のかかる儀礼等の調査において、多くのカンボジア人若手研究者が参加し指導を受けている。このように、氏は1990年に再開された同芸術大学で教鞭をとるかたわら、創設期のアプサラ機構の局長となり、内戦後の混乱が続くさなかの遺跡保存責任者として、崩落の危機に直面する遺跡の救済をユネスコを通じ国際社会に呼びかけ倒壊を防ぐなど大きな実績をあげた。
アン氏は2005年から「クメール・ルネッサンス」の旗印のもとにクメール語による啓蒙活動に力点を移し、クメール文化と伝統を村人の日常生活の中に位置づけ、民族文化への覚醒を促している。氏は多くの国際シンポジウムに招聘され、固有で普遍的なカンボジア民族学のレゾン・デトルを世界の専門家に問いかけ、語り、発表している。
アン氏は民族学に挑み、多くの業績を積み上げただけでなく、祖国カンボジアの文化復興に貢献し、王立芸術大学の再開に尽力し、さらにアプサラ機構の創設と本格的な稼働、国際的枠組みづくりに大きな功績を残した。
以上のようなアン・チュリアン氏の功績は、まさに「福岡アジア文化賞―大賞」にふさわしい。
市民フォーラム
「民間信仰から見たアジアの稲作社会～カンボジアの村落から～」
９月１８日（日）１３：３０～１５：３０／アクロス福岡地下２Ｆイベントホール （定員：500名）
市民フォーラムへの参加申し込み
The 22nd Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes
Grand Prize
ANG Choulean
Ethnologist, Scholar in Khmer Studies (Professor of Archaeology, Royal University of Fine Arts)
Cambodia / Ethnology
Award Citation
Prof. Ang Choulean is not only a leading ethnologist in Cambodia but also a highly acclaimed scholar outside the country. Having studied in France, he returned to Cambodia during the Civil War there, took charge of reopening the Royal University of Fine Arts, and made a significant contribution to the reconstruction of Cambodian culture and to the preservation and restoration of its monuments. He was appointed Director of the Department of Culture and Monuments at the Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA), which is responsible for the Angkor Monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992, and rendered great service to revive Cambodian culture after the destruction which it had suffered.
Prof. Ang was born in Kompong Khleang in 1949. After graduating from the Royal University of Fine Arts in 1974, he studied at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales (EHEES) in France, and there obtained a doctorate in ethnology. His research approach, based on the ethnological empathy which has been fostered by his native wind, sun, and rain, is to bring each cultural archetype to the surface by following the clues provided in rites and the culture of everyday life, and then recombine them in a new synthesis. His efforts to place Cambodian ethnology into an anthropological context to reveal its origin, genealogy and authenticity deserve high praise.
One of his masterpieces is his dissertation, "Les êtres surnaturels dans la religion populaire khmère" (Supernatural Beings in Khmer Popular Religion)(1986), which was widely acclaimed as a great work that opened up a new horizon in Cambodian ethnology. He sees the religious rituals of folk beliefs as the results of the accumulation, fusion and interweaving of faiths, from animism (spirit worship), through the formerly popular Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism to the currently widespread Theravada Buddhism. For example, in the "Paddy Mountain" ritual, time, space and fertility are represented in microcosm and blended into one. At first glance, these rituals may seem simply to follow Buddhist beliefs, but in fact, they are often a fusion of animism and Buddhism.
Many young Cambodian academics have participated in the persistent and prolonged field work undertaken by Prof. Ang in pursuit of religious rites, and have received his guidance. While taking up a teaching post at the Royal University of Fine Arts, reopened in 1990, he also became a departmental director of APSARA in its early stage. He was therefore in charge of conserving the historical monuments during the chaotic period after the Civil War, and achieved much protecting monuments on the verge of collapse by appealing to the international community through the UNESCO.
Since 2005, Prof. Ang has moved his focus to an educational campaign conducted in the Khmer language under the slogan of the "Khmer Renaissance". He places the foundation of Khmer tradition and culture in the framework of everyday village life, and encourages awareness of this native culture. He has been invited to many international symposia, and has examined, described and presented the unique but universal raison d’etre of Cambodian ethnology.
Prof. Ang has not only been a successful ethnologist with a notable academic record, but also has contributed to the revival of his native Cambodian culture, has been instrumental in the reopening of the Royal University of Fine Arts, and has played an important role in creating APSARA, putting it in operation and forming its international framework.
For all these achievements, Prof. Ang Choulean is truly worthy of the Grand Prize of the Fukuoka
Prize.Public Forum
" Amorphous Gods of Japan Seen from Faraway Cambodia "
13:30 - 15:30, Sun., September 18
ACROS FUKUOKA(with a seating capacity of 500)
